Arbitrary Rule

图书信息

作者	Nyquist, Mary
出版社	University of Chicago Press
ISBN	9780226015675
出版时间	2013-10-05
字数	97.7万
分类	University of Chicago Press,进口书,外文原版书,文学,自传,回忆录

读书简介

Slavery appears as a figurative construct during the English revolution of the mid-seventeenth century, and again in the American and French revolutions, when radicals represent their treatment as a form of political slavery. What, if anything, does figurative, political slavery have to do with transatlantic slaveryIn Arbitrary Rule, Mary Nyquist explores connections between political and chattel slavery by excavating the tradition of Western political thought that justifies actively opposing tyranny. She argues that as powerful rhetorical and conceptual constructs, Greco-Roman political liberty and slavery reemerge at the time of early modern Eurocolonial expansion; they help to create racialized "e;free"e; national identities and their "e;unfree"e; counterparts in non-European nations represented as inhabiting an earlier, privative age.?Arbitrary Rule is the first book to tackle political slavery's discursive complexity, engaging Eurocolonialism, political philosophy, and literary studies, areas of study too often kept apart. Nyquist proceeds through analyses not only of texts that are canonical in political thought-by Aristotle, Cicero, Hobbes, and Locke-but also of literary works by Euripides, Buchanan, Vondel, Montaigne, and Milton, together with a variety of colonialist and political writings, with special emphasis on tracts written during the English revolution. She illustrates how "e;antityranny discourse,"e; which originated in democratic Athens, was adopted by republican Rome, and revived in early modern Western Europe, provided members of a "e;free"e; community with a means of protesting a threatened reduction of privileges or of consolidating a collective, political identity. Its semantic complexity, however, also enabled it to legitimize racialized enslavement and imperial expansion.?Throughout, Nyquist demonstrates how principles relating to political slavery and tyranny are bound up with a Roman jurisprudential doctrine that sanctions the power of life and death held by the slaveholder over slaves and, by extension, the state, its representatives, or its laws over its citizenry.

目录

Cover

Copyright

Title Page

Dedication

Contents

List of Illustrations

Citations

Introduction

1. Ancient Greek and Roman Slaveries

Political Slavery and Barbarism

Tyranny, Slavery, and the Despotēs

The Tyrant as Conqueror and Antityranny

Tyranny, Despotical Rule, and Natural Slavery in Aristotle’s Politics

Roman Antityranny

Appropriation and Disavowal of Slavery

2. Sixteenth-Century French and English Resistance Theory

Servility and Tyranny in Montaigne and La Boétie, Goodman and Ponet

Spanish Tyranny, English Resistance

Collective Enslavement and Freedom in Vindiciae

Slavery in Smith’s De Republica Anglorum and Bodin’s République

Resistance

3. Human Sacrifice, Barbarism, and Buchanan’s Jephtha

Barbarism, Sacrifice, and Civic Virtue

Calvin, Cicero, and Wrongful Vows

Does Jephtha Hold the Sword?

Blood(less) Sacrifice

4. Antityranny, Slavery, and Revolution

Genesis, Dominion, and Natural Slavery

Servility, Tyranny, and Asiatic Monarchy in 1 Samuel 8

Genesis, Dominion, and Servitude in Paradise Lost

Ears Bored with an Awl in Revolutionary England

Revolution and Liberty Cap

5. Freeborn Sons or Slaves?

Debating Analogically

Freeborn Citizens and Contract

Fathers and Resistance

Antislavery and Bodin’s Preemption of Antityranny

Parker’s Antityranny and Antislavery

6. The Power of Life and Death

Brutus and His Sons: Lawful Punishment or Paternal Power?

Debating the Familial Origins of the Power of Life and Death

Debating Divine Sanction for the Power and Life and Death

Power, No-Power, and the English Revolution

Etymology as Ideology: Servire from Servare, or Enslaving as Saving

7. Nakedness, History, and Bare Life

Nakedness

Nationalization of Natural Slavery and Original Sin

De Bry’s Europeanized Adam and Eve

Privative Comparison in Paradise Lost

8. Hobbes’s State of Nature and “Hard” Privativism

The Golden-Edenic Privative Age

Cicero’s Savage Age

Savagery and the Euro-Colonial Privative Age

Ancestral Liberties, Inherited Freedom

Hobbes’s State of Nature and Libertas

Frontispieces

9. Hobbes, Slavery, and Despotical Rule

Liberty, Slavery, and Tyranny Discomfited

Preservation of Life, Civility, and Servitude

Hobbes’s Female-Free Family

Servants and Slaves

10. Locke’s “Of Slavery,” Despotical Power, and Tyranny

Antityranny, Not Antidespotism

Hobbes, Locke, and the Power of Life and Death

Reading “Of Slavery”

Reading Locke Rewriting Power/No-Power

Hebrew and Chattel Slavery

Slaves and Tyrants

Epilogue

Acknowledgments

Notes

Index